Comprehensive Guide to 401(k) Audit Requirements
As a 401(k) plan sponsor, you have several key responsibilities when it comes to ensuring compliance during a plan audit. These responsibilities include:
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Plan Administration and Oversight: You must ensure that the 401(k) plan is being managed according to the plan’s terms and ERISA (Employee Retirement Income Security Act) requirements.
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Accuracy of Records and Reporting: You are responsible for maintaining accurate records regarding plan participants, contributions, distributions, and investments, and ensuring timely reporting, such as submitting the Form 5500.
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Fiduciary Duties: As a fiduciary, you must act in the best interests of plan participants, ensuring prudent management of assets, proper fee disclosure, and appropriate investment choices.
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Compliance with ERISA and IRS Regulations: You are responsible for complying with various regulatory requirements set by the Department of Labor (DOL) and the IRS, including testing for non-discrimination, contribution limits, and eligibility.
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Documenting and Retaining Plan Records: You must ensure that the plan’s documentation (including plan design, investment policies, and participant communications) is up-to-date and accessible.
How a 3(16) Can Help with These Responsibilities
A 3(16) fiduciary can significantly ease the burden of plan administration and help mitigate the risk of non-compliance during an audit. Here’s how:
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Assuming Fiduciary Responsibility: A 3(16) fiduciary takes on the full responsibility of plan administration, relieving you of much of the fiduciary risk. They ensure that the plan is compliant with all applicable laws and regulations, minimizing your exposure to litigation and regulatory penalties.
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Plan Documentation and Compliance: The 3(16) will maintain and review the necessary plan documentation and provide accurate filings, including Form 5500. They also handle record-keeping and ensure that required participant disclosures are met.
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Handling Day-to-Day Operations: A 3(16) fiduciary manages the day-to-day tasks of plan administration, such as processing contributions, managing distributions, and overseeing participant communications, ensuring that the plan is administered consistently and correctly.
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Support During Audits: In the event of a plan audit, a 3(16) fiduciary helps to ensure that all records, reports, and documents are in order. They assist with providing necessary information to auditors and handling any questions or concerns, which helps streamline the audit process.
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Reducing Fiduciary Liability: By delegating key administrative and fiduciary responsibilities to a 3(16), you can significantly reduce your personal liability and stress in managing the plan.
In short, working with a 3(16) fiduciary provides expertise, accountability, and peace of mind by ensuring compliance and easing your 401(k) audit obligations.
Key Insights into 401(k) Audit Requirements
Your retirement plan audit can be daunting, but it doesn’t have to be. The blend of compliance and financial factors makes these audits complex, but you can stay ahead by knowing what to expect and working with a team of experienced professionals. The following reviews the basic 401(k) audit requirements so you can get started confidently.
What is a 401(k) audit?
Generally required for plans with more than 100 participants with account balances on the first day of the plan year, employee retirement plan audits are needed for “large” plans. They are official inspections to ensure that the plan meets guidelines and regulations set by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Department of Labor (DOL). Audits must be conducted by an independent accounting firm using Generally Accepted Audit Standards (GAAS). They must also adhere to the DOL and Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) regulations of 1974.
An employee pension audit serves two primary purposes:
- To ensure that your plan complies with DOL and IRS regulations, along with the plan-related documents and
- To determine that the financial information reported on Form 5500 and company financial statements is accurate and complies with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
What does a 401(k) audit involve?
Once you and your third-party administrator (TPA) determine that you need an audit, the next step is to hire a qualified CPA firm like BPM to conduct the audit.
Unlike financial statement audits, much of the audit information will be provided to your audit firm directly from your TPA. It is essential to determine whether you are in audit status as soon as possible and provide sufficient time for the audit process before the deadline.
Important dates (for calendar year-end plans)
January 31: The date by which your employee census must be submitted to your TPA.
March 15: The date by which your TPA should tell you if you are in audit status.
July 31: The initial deadline is completing the audit and filing Form 5500.
October 15: Extended deadline to complete the audit and file Form 5500.
Essential 401(k) Audit Standards
At a minimum, your auditor will request the following documents:
- Copies of the plan documents, including the Plan’s adoption agreement, essential plan document, summary plan description, IRS opinion letter, and investment policy.
- Copy of the Plan’s Form 5500.
- Copy of the Plan’s fidelity insurance bond.
- Retirement plan/Investment committee meeting minutes.
- Employee census report.
- Payroll reports.
- For selected participants, evidence of documented participant birth and hire dates (such as Form I9s).
- Schedule of remittances made to the retirement plan trust.
- Document internal controls and procedures, including procedures for payroll, eligibility, contributions, distribution, and loans.
- Audit package from your third-party administrator.
What to Expect from a 401(k) Audit with Our Support
If you’re a first-year client, we’ll begin with a kick-off meeting to walk you through all the steps so you know what to expect. We will let you know what needs to be provided by the company, the TPA, and the investment advisor (if there is one), and we’ll provide you with our proprietary pre-planning checklist so you can get started quickly and easily.
We also provide our clients with information about fiduciary requirements and best practices, assisting with appropriate referrals when needed. We communicate directly with your TPA whenever possible so you can focus on your core business. To establish continuity, we try reassigning our staff to the same clients each year.
Furthermore, we pride ourselves on being able to provide sound advice to our clients. BPM’s employee benefit plan audit team consists of dedicated professionals with extensive knowledge of ERISA, DOL, and IRS guidelines, along with years of experience. We are proud to have been one of the first firms to join the AICPA’s Employee Benefit Plan Audit Quality Center, a public policy organization dedicated to fostering high-quality performance by public company auditors. Performance by public company auditors.
If you are facing a 401(k) audit, contact us, for a consultation on getting started.

